NAD refers to Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, found in all living cells, NAD with the CAS NO. of 53-84-9 and the chemical formula of C21H27N7O14P2 is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other nicotinamide NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH (H for hydrogen), respectively.
In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The cofactor is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction, also with H+, forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, most notably as a substrate of enzymes in adding or removing chemical groups to or from, respectively, proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.
In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from either tryptophan or aspartic acid, each a case of an amino acid; alternatively, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from nutritive compounds such as niacin; similar compounds are produced by reactions that break down the structure of NAD, providing a salvage pathway that “recycles” them back into their respective active form.
Some NAD is converted into the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); its chemistry largely parallels that of NAD, though predominantly its role is as a cofactor in anabolic metabolism.
NAD Powder is a white or off-white solid manufactured by a special technique. NAD(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme composed of two nucleotides, adenine and nicotinamide, that plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism by carrying electrons from metabolic reactions to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate ATP. It also plays a role in regulating DNA repair, gene expression, and cell signaling. NAD is a vital molecule for the cell's survival and function, and its levels decrease with age, leading to the impairment of these processes. NAD+ supplements are being researched for their potential anti-aging benefits and ability to improve cellular function.