NMNH: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder. 2. Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability. 3. Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder 5. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NADH: 1. Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology, purity up higher than 98 % 3. Special patented process crystal form, higher stability 4. Obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality 5. 8 domestic and foreign NADH patents, leading the industry 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NAD: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Stable supplier of 1000+ enterprises around the world 3. Unique “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, higher product content and higher conversion rate 4. Freeze drying technology to ensure stable product quality 5. Unique crystal technology, higher product solubility 6. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products
NMN: 1. “Bonzyme”Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive“Bonpure”seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99.9%) and stability 3. Industrial leading technology: 15 domestic and international NMN patents 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products 5. Multiple in vivo studies show that Bontac NMN is safe and effective 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service 7. NMN raw material supplier of famous David Sinclair team of Harvard University
Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereafter referred to as BONTAC) is a high-tech enterprise established in July 2012. BONTAC integrates R&D, production and sales, with enzyme catalysis technology as the core and coenzyme and natural products as main products. There are six major series of products in BONTAC, involving coenzymes, natural products, sugar substitutes, cosmetics, dietary supplements and medical intermediates.
As the leader of the global NMN industry, BONTAC has the first whole-enzyme catalysis technology in China. Our coenzyme products are widely used in health industry, medical & beauty, green agriculture, biomedicine and other fields. BONTAC adheres to independent innovation, with more than 170 invention patents. Different from the traditional chemical synthesis and fermentation industry, BONTAC has advantages of green low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology. What’s more, BONTAC has established the first coenzyme engineering technology research center at the provincial level in China which also is the sole in Guangdong Province.
In the future, BONTAC will focus on its advantages of green, low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology, and build ecological relationship with academia as well as upstream/downstream partners, continuously leading the synthetic biological industry and creating a better life for human beings.
The main methods of NMNH powder preparation include extraction, fermentation, fortification, biosynthesis and organic matter synthesis. Compared with other preparations, the whole enzyme become the mainstream method owing to the advantages of pollution free, high level of purity and stability.
1、“Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder.
2、Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability.
3、Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder
4、Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder
5、Provide one-stop product solution customization service
when applied to cultured cells, the NMNH is shown to be more efficient than NMN as it was able to “significantly increase NAD+ at a ten times lower concentration (5 µM) than that needed for NMN”. Moreover, NMNH shows to be more effective, as at 500 µM concentration, it achieved “an almost 10- fold increase in the NAD+ concentration, while NMN was only able to double NAD+ content in these cells, even at 1 mM concentration.”.
Interestingly, NMNH also appears to act quicker and has a longer-lasting effect compared to NMN. According to the authors, NMNH induces a “significant increase in NAD+ levels within 15 minutes”, and “NAD+ steadily increased for up to 6 hours and remained stable for 24 hours, while NMN reached its plateau after only 1 hour, most likely because the NMN recycling pathways to NAD+ had already become saturated.”.
NMNH also proved more effective than NMN in raising NAD+ levels in a variety of tissues when administered at the same concentration, confirming the results observed in cell lines. The data presented in this study also corroborate the evidence that NAD+ boosters protect against different models of acute kidney injury, and place NMNH as a great alternative intervention to other NAD+ precursors to reduce tubular damage and accelerate recovery.
To overcome the limitations of the current repertoire of NAD+ enhancers, other molecules with a more pronounced effect on the NAD+ intracellular pool are desired. This has stimulated us to investigate the use of the reduced form of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH) as an NAD+ enhancer. There is very scarce information about the role of this molecule in cells. In fact, only one enzymatic activity has been described to produce NMNH. This is the NADH diphosphatase activity of the human peroxisomal Nudix hydrolase hNUDT1232 and the murine mitochondrial Nudt13.33 It has been postulated that, in cells, NMNH would be converted to NADH via nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs).34 However, both NMNH production by Nudix diphosphatases and its use by NMNATs for NADH synthesis have only been described in vitro using isolated proteins, and how NMNH participates in cellular NAD+ metabolism remains unknown.
First, inspect the factory. After some screening, NMNH companies that directly face consumers pay more attention to brand building. Therefore, for a good brand, quality is the most important thing, and the first thing to control the quality of raw materials is to inspect the factory. Bontac company actually manufacturing NMNH powder of high quality with the caterias of SGS. Secondly, the purity is tested. Purity is one of the most important parameters of NMN powder. If high purity NMNH cannot be guaranteed, the remaining substances are likely to exceed the relevant standards. As the attached certificates demonstrates that the NMNH powder produced by Bontac reach the purity of 99%. Finally, a professional test spectrum is needed to prove it. Common methods for determining the structure of an organic compound include Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Usually through the analysis of these two spectra, the structure of the compound can be preliminarily determined.
1.Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), also known as reduced coenzyme II, is a critical cofactor in cellular antioxidant systems and lipid synthesis, which links insulin resistance and ferroptosis of pancreatic β cells in the context of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, playing a central role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. 2. Biological role of NADPH NADPH functions as a coenzyme essential to cellular metabolism, playing pivotal roles in various critical biological processes, such as ROS scavenging, ROS production, fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. 3. Biosynthetic pathway of NADPH Cellular production of NADPH is facilitated through several pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, the citric acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. The dynamic equilibrium between NADPH synthesis and consumption is essential for preserving cellular redox balance and enabling a host of biosynthetic reactions. 4. The role of NADPH in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-Cells Both redox reaction and metabolic signaling can modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, where NADPH plays a central role. It can not only serves as a metabolic coupling factor, but also acts as a custodian of β-cell integrity, delicately managing the interplay between metabolic inputs and insulin output. 5. The interaction between insulin resistance and NADPH A substantial body of evidence reveals that NADPH is critical for the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, the main contributors to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Specifically, NADPH is implicated in ROS production via NOX and is also utilized in the synthesis of new fatty acids, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance, particularly in the context of obesity-induced chronic inflammation. 6. The impact of NADPH upon the ferroptosis in the context of diabetes In pancreatic β cells, the elevated blood sugar and pro-inflammatory cytokines can trigger oxidative stress and iron accumulation to promote lipid peroxidation, thereby facilitating the ferroptosis. In return, the ferroptosis can reduce insulin secretion and beta cell mass, which is contributive to the progression of diabetes. In general, NADPH plays a dual role in ferroptosis. On the one hand, it can promote ROS generation via NOX. On the other hand, it can support antioxidant defense through glutathione regeneration. In the context of diabetes, NADPH may predominantly fuel processes leading to ferroptosis, mainly due to the enhanced activity and affinity of NOX, which however requires further research for verification. 7. Conclusion NADPH has a critical role in the complex landscape of metabolic disorders, particularly insulin resistance and ferroptosis. Regulating NADPH-related pathways may open up new opportunities for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Reference Moon, Dong-Oh. “NADPH Dynamics: Linking Insulin Resistance and β-Cells Ferroptosis in Diabetes Mellitus.” International journal of molecular sciences vol. 25,1 342. 26 Dec. 2023, doi:10.3390/ijms25010342 Production advantages and features of BONTAC NADPH BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NADPH. Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method is adopted, which is environmental-friendly, with no harmful solvent residues. The purity of NADPH can reach up to 95%, which is benefited from the exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology. BONTAC has self-owned factories and has obtained a number of international certifications, where high quality and stable supply of products can be ensured. BONTAC has four domestic and foreign NADPH patents, leading the industry. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) poses huge economic burden and great threat to the life of patients, even surpassing Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. 17.9 million people in the world die from CVD, with indirect treatment costs of $237 billion per year, which are projected to increase to $368 billion by 2035. It has been reported that the deficiency or imbalance of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) redox couple has been linked to a variety of pathological conditions including CVD. NADP(H) redox couple as cofactor/electron carrier in cardiommyocytes NADPH is an essential cofactor of glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin reductase (TRs) in cardiommyocytes, with a crucial role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and energy metabolism. GR catalyzes the recycling of Glutathion (GSH) from oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and TRs reduces oxidized Trx-S2 into Trx-(SH)2. Simultaneously, both enzymes require NADPH as an electron donor and oxidize it to NADP+. Once O2•− is formed, for example, from NOXs in the cytosol and from mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), cytosolic CuZnSOD and mitochondrial MnSOD will reduce it to H2O2. GSH can be used by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) to reduce H2O2 further to water. Trx-(SH)2 provides reducing equivalents for Prx in the removal of H2O2. The connection of NADP(H) with cardiovascular pathologies NADP(H) plays a dual role in cardiovascular pathologies. On the one hand, the reduced NADPH can result in significant antioxidant deficiencies and intracellular accumulation of free radicals, which triggers lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction, ultimately exacerbating the course of atherosclerosisoxidase. On the other hand, high NADPH level can give rise to myocardial injury by inducing reductive stress and enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Conclusion Changes in cellular NADP(H) content affect the intermediary metabolism of cardiac function, especially in diseased myocardium. Maintaining the balance between NADP+ and NADPH in cardiommyocytes is critically important for the treatment of CVD. Either deficiency or excess NADP(H) levels can lead to imbalances in cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis, resulting in energy stress, redox stress, and ultimately disease state. NADP(H) has an important therapeutic value in CVD. Reference Sun Y, Wu D, Hu Q. NADP+/NADPH in Metabolism and its Relation to Cardiovascular Pathologies. Curr Med Chem. Published online February 16, 2024. doi:10.2174/0109298673275187231121054541 BONTAC NADP(H) BONTAC has dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team consisting of Doctors and Masters. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NADP(H). Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method is adopted, which is environmental-friendly, with no harmful solvent residues. The purity of NADP and NADPH can reach up to 95% and 98%, respectively, which is benefited from the exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology. BONTAC has self-owned factories and has obtained a number of international certifications, where high quality and stable supply of products can be ensured. BONTAC has four domestic and foreign NADPH patents, leading the industry. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
Introduction In light of a statistics report by World Health Organization (WHO), there are 18 million people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) worldwide in 2019, where the prevalence of female is 2.5 times that of male. This disorder greatly affects the life quality of patients and even causes disability in severe case. Noteworthily, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (MSCs-exo) in combination with ginsenoside Rh2 has been unveiled to be effective in alleviating RA symptoms, holding a great promise as an adjuvant drug for RA. About RA RA represents a chronic autoimmune disease generally occurring in middle age, which is chiefly featured by vascular proliferation, synovium inflammation and the stiffness/swelling/deformation/pain of one or more joints. At present, the treatment of RA relies on corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and biological agents. Yet, long-term use of these drugs may be accompanied with various adverse effects such as infection, liver damage, gastrointestinal damage, and heart failure. MSCs vs. MSCs-exo MSCs, with multiple differentiation potential, can reduce joint inflammation in RA. Nevertheless, there are potential risks such as immunogenicity, heterogeneity of different batches of cells, tumorigenicity, and ethical issues, limiting the application of MSCs. MSCs-exo is small extracellular vesicle secreted by MSCs, whose diameter ranges from 30 to 150 nanometers. It can carry biologically active substances such as nucleic acids and small molecules, fulfilling the function of MSCs. Relative to MSCs, MSCs-exo has low immunogenicity and has no risk of tumor formation and ethical constraints. Research protocol A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model is constructed in rats, followed by the treatment of phosphate-buffered saline or single/combined therapy of MSCs-exo and ginsenoside Rh2. The rat fences are collected for 16 rRNA amplification sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Significant efficacy of MSCs-exo combined with ginsenoside Rh2 in RA The combined therapy of MSCs-exo and ginsenoside Rh2, to a large extent, ameliorates RA symptoms in CIA model rats, as manifested by the reduction of joint swelling as well as significant decline in arthritis score and paw thickness. Meanwhile, the histopathological changes in CIA model rats are apparently improved. Rh2 enhances the ability of MSC-exo to suppress the expression of inflammatory factors in synovium and cartilage of CIA model rats, as evidenced by the downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as upregulation of IL-10 in exo+Rh2 group. Besides, bone erosion in the ankle joints of CIA rats is improved, as attested by the obvious increases in BMD and Tb.Th, as well as prominent decreases in BS/BV and Tb.Sp in exo+Rh2 group. Essential role of gut-joint axis in RA Gut microbiota and metabolites have been deemed to be critical in developing RA. Strikingly, MSCs-exo and Rh2 can significantly ameliorate the disturbed gut microbiota in CIA model rats. The regulation of Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and Clostridium_XlVb may be the most pivotal. Concretely, Candidatus_Saccharibacteria modulates the metabolic pathway of vitamin digestion and absorption by pantothenic acid and vitamin D3 alterations. As for Clostridium_XlVb, it regulates 16(R)-HETE alterations in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Conclusion MSCs-exo and Rh2 act synergistically to ameliorate RA by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites, especially the reshaping of Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and Clostridium_XlVb abundance. Reference Zhou Z, Li Y, Wu S, et al. Host-microbiota interactions in collagen-induced arthritis rats treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome and ginsenoside Rh2. Biomed Pharmacother. Published online April 2, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116515 BONTAC Ginsenosides BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of rare ginsenosides Rh2/Rg3, with pure raw materials, higher conversion rate and higher content (up to 99%). Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, or costs arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.